IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE ON SELF-ESTEEM AND MENTAL WELL-BEING OF YOUNG ADULTS

Abstract

The rapid expansion of social media platforms has significantly transformed the social, emotional, and psychological experiences of 
young adults. Over the past decade, social media has become an integral part of daily life, shaping identity formation, interpersonal relationships, and self-perception. This review paper critically examines existing empirical and theoretical literature on the impact of social media usage on self-esteem and mental well-being among young adults. Drawing upon studies from psychology, sociology, and media research, the review analyzes both positive and negative psychological outcomes associated with social media engagement. On the one hand, social media offers opportunities for self-expression, social support, community building, and identity exploration, which may enhance self esteem and psychological well-being. On the other hand, excessive use, social comparison, cyberbullying, fear of missing out (FoMO), and appearance-based feedback mechanisms have been consistently linked with low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, stress, and loneliness. The review also highlights moderating factors such as frequency and type of use, individual personality traits, gender differences, and cultural context. By synthesizing findings from recent national and international studies, this paper identifies key research trends, methodological limitations, and gaps in the existing literature. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how social media influences young adults’ self-esteem and mental health, and to suggest directions 
for future research and psychological interventions.